First steps in Spain: NIE, TIE, empadronamiento and cost of living

Once you have a Spanish visa, several practical steps follow: the NIE (foreigner identity number), empadronamiento (address registration at the town hall), biometrics and the TIE residence card within 1 month of arrival, and, if you work, social security registration. Appointments (cita previa) fill up fast, so plan from day one.

Steps after arrival

1. Empadronamiento: register your address at the town hall with your lease or deed; it is the main proof of your presence in Spain.
2. Biometrics appointment: only through the official police portal (cita previa), within 1 month of arrival.
3. TIE card: issued a few weeks after biometrics and paying the fee (form 790-012).
4. Bank account: with your NIE and passport; many banks open resident accounts after the TIE.
5. Social security and healthcare: workers are registered and get a public health card; non-lucrative residents keep their private insurance.

Processing times

The legal deadline for residence decisions is 3 months and for visas 1 month, and no answer within the deadline means refusal. Biometrics appointments in big cities can take several weeks.

Rent (September 2026, approximate)

Mid-sized cities such as Seville, Málaga (outside the centre), Zaragoza and inland towns are cheaper. Figures are based on asking-rent reports.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between the NIE and the TIE?

The NIE is your identity number as a foreigner; the TIE is the physical residence card showing it, which you must request within 1 month of arrival.

What is empadronamiento and why does it matter?

It is your address registration at the town hall, needed for schools, healthcare and many procedures, and the main proof of how long you have been in Spain.

How much does it cost to live in Madrid each month?

Rent is the biggest cost: a 70 m² flat in Madrid is about €1,600 a month and in Valencia about €1,100.

Figures are approximate and reflect the position in October 2026.