Spanish long-term residence and citizenship

In Spain, after 5 years of legal and continuous residence you can get long-term residence, and after 10 years apply for citizenship. The period is 2 years for nationals of Latin American countries, Portugal, the Philippines, Andorra and Equatorial Guinea, and 1 year for the spouse of a Spanish citizen. Iranian, Turkish and Georgian nationals fall under the general 10-year rule.

Long-term residence (5 years)

• 5 years of legal and continuous residence
• Allowed absences: up to 6 consecutive months and 10 months in total over the 5 years (up to 18 months for work)
• The card is renewed every 5 years and allows unrestricted work
• The EU long-term version makes moving to other EU countries easier

Requirements for citizenship by residence

• CCSE test (Spanish constitution and culture)
• DELE A2 language test for non-native Spanish speakers
• Good civic conduct and no criminal record
• Application fee: €104.05; in practice processing usually takes 1 to 2 years or more

Dual nationality: a key point for Iranian applicants

Spain accepts dual nationality only for nationals of Latin American countries, Portugal, the Philippines, Andorra, Equatorial Guinea and France. Nationals of Iran, Türkiye and Georgia must declare renunciation of their previous nationality before the Spanish civil registry when taking the oath. Spain asks only for this declaration, and under Iranian law it does not end Iranian nationality; but Spain treats you as Spanish only. A Spanish citizen living abroad who uses only the former nationality for 3 years may lose Spanish nationality.

Frequently asked questions

How many years until an Iranian national can get Spanish citizenship?

10 years of legal and continuous residence; or 1 year if you are married to and living with a Spanish citizen.

Does Spain allow dual nationality for Iranian nationals?

No. Iranian nationals must declare renunciation of their previous nationality to Spain when naturalising, although the declaration has no effect under Iranian law.

Which tests are required for Spanish citizenship?

The CCSE test on the Spanish constitution and culture, and the DELE language test at A2 level.

After how many years can I get permanent residence in Spain?

After 5 years of legal and continuous residence, with a 5-year card and unrestricted work rights.

Based on article 22 of the Spanish Civil Code and the immigration regulation; position as of October 2026.